Child immunisation is a cornerstone of public health, crucial for protecting children from life-threatening diseases. In Bangladesh, immunisation coverage among children aged 12-23 months is high but still below the national target of 95%. A recent study using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 dataset reveals key factors influencing full vaccination coverage and highlights disparities between high- and low-performing divisions.

The study found that 88% of children aged 12-23 months in Bangladesh received full vaccination, defined as receiving at least one dose of BCG, three doses of DPT-containing vaccine, three doses of polio vaccine, and one dose of measles-containing vaccine. While divisions like Rajshahi, Khulna, and Rangpur exceeded 90% coverage, others like Sylhet and Barisal lagged behind with around 85% coverage.

Several determinants were identified. Mother’s education emerged as a significant factor; as children of mothers with secondary education had higher odds of being fully vaccinated compared to those whose mothers had no education. This aligns with previous research indicating that educated mothers are better informed about vaccination schedules and benefits. 

Mother’s employment status also played a role. The children of working mothers were more likely to be fully vaccinated. This may be due to working mothers’ greater autonomy and access to health information. Additionally, household wealth status influenced vaccination rates, particularly in high-performing divisions where children from middle-income households showed higher coverage. 

The Age of mothers was another determinant; older mothers tended to have children with higher vaccination rates. This suggests that experience and knowledge gained over time have a positive impact on vaccination adherence. 

In low-performing divisions, media exposure was a critical factor. Mothers who regularly engaged with the media were more likely to have their children fully vaccinated. This highlights the importance of targeted awareness campaigns to educate and inform parents about the importance of vaccinations.

Despite the overall high coverage, the study indicates a need for targeted interventions. Enhancing maternal education, increasing media outreach, and addressing socioeconomic disparities are essential strategies. Focusing on young mothers and low-income families, especially in low-performing areas, can help bridge the gap in vaccination coverage.

Bangladesh’s progress in child immunisation is commendable, yet challenges remain. Achieving universal vaccination coverage is crucial for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality, in line with the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. Policymakers must consider these findings to design effective, equitable vaccination programs that leave no child behind.

Reference:
Khanam M, Jahan NA. Determinants of full vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Bangladesh: A comparison between high- and low-performing divisions. Int J Pediatr [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 5];2024:1–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/7787593