In Bangladesh, childhood pneumonia has long been a leading health challenge. But today, a new story is being written — one of steady success, driven largely by strong immunization programs.

A recent literature review covering studies from 1990 to 2024 highlights Bangladesh’s remarkable progress. The research shows that the incidence of childhood pneumonia, once as high as 511 episodes per 1,000 child-years, has been steadily falling. Mortality from childhood pneumonia is also dropping fast, now at about 4 deaths per 1,000 live births, beating global and South Asian averages​. 

At the heart of this achievement is Bangladesh’s Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Vaccines like Hib (introduced in 2009) and PCV-10 (introduced in 2015) are making a real difference. The pneumonia vaccination coverage among one-year-old children has soared to over 97%​, showcasing the country’s commitment to reaching every child.

Researchers note that alongside immunization, key strategies such as promoting exclusive breastfeeding, improving nutrition, ensuring clean water, and better hygiene have contributed to lowering pneumonia risks among under-5 children. But vaccination stands out as one of the most powerful tools in reducing both incidence and deaths.

The government’s strong focus on immunization equity means that children across urban and rural areas are being reached. Pentavalent and PCV vaccines are now accessible to nearly all children nationwide, helping prevent not only pneumonia but a host of other childhood illnesses​.

This progress brings Bangladesh closer to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which aims to end preventable child deaths. The researchers conclude that with consistent efforts, Bangladesh can meet its target of reducing under-5 mortality to 25 per 1,000 live births by 2025 — a goal well within reach.

The story of Bangladesh’s fight against childhood pneumonia proves one powerful truth: strong vaccination programs save lives. By keeping up momentum, strengthening community health programs, and ensuring vaccines reach every child, Bangladesh is building a healthier, stronger future. 

References: 

Alif, Ashrafur & Rumi, Hasan & Emon, Efta Khairul & Tuba, Afnan & Haque, Md. (2025). A Literature Review on Childhood Pneumonia in Bangladesh: Reducing Mortality and Advancing SDG Goals. East West Medical College Journal. 13. 54-64. Researchgate.net. [cited 2025 Apr 27]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387853838_A_Literature_Review_on_Childhood_Pneumonia_in_Bangladesh_Reducing_Mortality_and_Advancing_SDG_Goals